拉格朗日粒子扩散模型用于火山扩散研究

1、FLEXPART模型

FLEXPART的拉格朗日粒子扩散模型最初(1998年首次发布)是用来计算点源空气污染物的远距离和中尺度扩散,比如核电站事故后的扩散。与此同时,FLEXPART已经发展成为一个用于大气输运建模和分析的综合工具。它的应用领域从空气污染的研究扩展到大气输送起作用的其他课题(如平流层和对流层之间的交换,或全球水循环)。它已经发展成为一种真正的社区模式,目前已被来自14个不同国家的至少35个团体使用,并正在看到操作和研究应用。

拉格朗日粒子模型计算大量所谓粒子(不一定代表真实粒子,但无穷小的空气包裹)的轨迹,以描述示踪剂在大气中的运输和扩散。与欧拉模型不同,拉格朗日模型的主要优点是不存在数值扩散。此外,在欧拉模型中,从点源释放的示踪剂立即混合在网格中,而拉格朗日模型独立于计算网格,并且原则上具有无穷小的分辨率。

汤加火山喷发

2、论文摘要

火山喷发向对流层和平流层注入的大量大气污染物对全球气候具有重要影响。通过利用TROPOMI卫星观测,我们对2022年1月15日汤加i火山喷发的二氧化硫(SO2)排放的远程传输和转化形成进行了大规模的了解。我们发现,在汤加火山喷发后,火山排放物的运输以及从SO2到硫酸盐气溶胶的转化持续了两个月。火山喷发释放的二氧化硫体积约为183千吨(kt)。卫星观测和数值模拟结果均表明,SO2和火山灰羽流向西移动 以每天1000公里的速度穿越太平洋和大西洋地区,大气中二氧化硫的转化持续了半个月。气溶胶的迁移和增强与二氧化硫转化为硫酸盐有关。CALIPSO激光雷达观测显示,1月29日以后,SO2到达25-30 km高度,在平流层转化为硫酸盐。
平流层中的硫酸盐气溶胶随着运输逐渐消失,并在两个月后回落到背景水平。我们的研究表明,卫星观测可以很好地表征火山排放、运输和二氧化硫-硫酸盐转化,这可以提供必要的约束用于气候模拟。

Abstract

Large volumes of atmospheric pollutants injected into the troposphere and stratosphere from volcanic eruptions can exert significant influence on global climate. Through utilizing multi-satellite observations, we present a large-scale insight into the long-range transport and transformation of sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions from the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai eruption on 15 January 2022. We found that the transport of volcanic emissions, along with the transformation from SO2 to sulfate aerosols, lasted for two months after the Tongan eruption. The emitted volume of SO2 from the volcano eruption was approximately 183 kilotons (kt). Both satellite observation and numerical simulation results show that the SO2 and volcanic ash plumes moved westward at a rate of one thousand kilometers per day across the Pacific and Atlantic Ocean regions and that SO2 transformation in the atmosphere lasted for half a month. The transport and enhancement of aerosols is related to the conversion of SO2 to sulfate. CALIPSO lidar observations show that SO2 reached an altitude of 25–30 km and transformed into sulfate in the stratosphere after 29 January. Sulfate aerosols in the stratosphere deceased gradually with transport and fell back to the background level after two months. Our study shows that satellite observations give a good characterization of volcanic emissions, transport, and SO2-sulfate conversion, which can provide an essential constraint for climate modeling.Keywords: Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai 2022 eruptionSO2AODsulfate aerosol

火山喷发卫星监测反演
FLEXPART模型火山喷发浓度和模拟轨迹

论文链接: Remote Sensing | Free Full-Text | Multi-Satellite Detection of Long-Range Transport and Transformation of Atmospheric Emissions from the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai Volcano (mdpi.com)

第一完成人:中国科学院国家空间科学中心, 刘琴琴

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